Regulation and policy
From INVESaTWIKI
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Regulation and policy
Regulation at a number of levels, international,
EU-wide and national, will indirectly drive the
use of satellite navigation systems, therefore
also of Galileo.
With regards to the implementation of the
European Transport Policy, Galileo is a key
instrument in achieving the main objectives of
the White Paper “European transport policy
for 2010” that has identified the optimal
relevant issues to be addressed according to
each sector:
- Road: to improve the quality, apply existing regulations more effectively by tightening up controls and penalties.
- Rail transport: to revitalise the railways by creating an integrated, efficient, competitive and safe railway area and to set up a network dedicated to freight services.
- Air transport: to control the growth in air transport, tackle saturation of the skies, maintain safety standards and protect the environment.
- Sea and inland waterway transport: to develop the infrastructure, simplify the regulatory framework by creating one-stop offices and integrate the social legislation in order to build veritable “motorways of the sea”.
- Intermodality (combined transport): to shift the balance between modes of transport by means of a proactive policy to promote intermodality and transport by rail, sea and inland waterway. In this connection, one of the major initiatives is the “Marco Polo”Community support programme to replace the current PACT (Pilot Action for Combined Transport) programme.
- Bottlenecks and Trans-European Networks: to construct the major infrastructure proposed in the Trans-European Networks (TENs) programme, identified by the 1996 guidelines, as well as the priority projects selected at the 1994 Essen European Council.
- Users: to place users at the heart of transport policy, i.e. to reduce the number of accidents, harmonise penalties and develop safer, cleaner technologies.
The following figure 1 indicate a growth in
transport demand in the decade 1991 – 2001
and therefore confirm the necessary
involvement of Galileo in the managing of
global transport demand, as an indicator of
economic development but also in transport
applications.
In general, regulation either mandates performance, mandates technology or authorises certain technology.
Mandate of performance
Such regulations require provision of service
with a set of performance criteria, and are
technologically neutral. A typical example is
the U.S. regulation mandating localisation of
calls to emergency services from mobile
phones, known as “911 numbering” according
to specific implementation plans and
mandatory conditions for five of the six U.S.
nation-wide carriers (AT&T,Wireless, Cingular,
Nextel, Sprint PCS, and Verizon Wireless)
adopted by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC).
E-911:To comply with FCC regulations
mandating the localisation of calls to
emergency services, several US carriers have
adopted GNSS-based solutions.Whereas
AT&T and Cingular Wireless chose networkbased
solutions, Cingular, Nextel, Sprint PCS,
and Verizon Wireless opted for Assisted-GPS
solutions.The latter companies are to provide
95% of all subscriber handsets in service
nationwide with an A-GPS-capability by 31st
December 2005. Given that Nextel, Sprint
PCS, and Verizon Wireless have more than 50
million wireless users together, E-911
regulation will considerably improve the
market uptake of satellite navigation.
Mandate of technologies
In this case, regulation requires a particular
technology to be used for the provision of
services.Obviously, this boosts the mandated
technologies.The existence of such regulations
give GNSS (and therefore Galileo) a certain
and well-defined market boost over other
technologies.
An example of this is the British government
policy to equip all ambulances with satellite
navigation units for resource management.
Another example is the German toll system
for truck journeys on motorways, collected
through satellite navigation-based systems. It is
estimated that 1.2 to 1.4 million trucks will be
subject to this toll, and hence they will all be
fitted with satellite navigation receivers.
Technology authorisation
There are cases where the use of satellite
navigation is not obligatory but recommended
as a standard navigational aid.
This is the case of the Standard And
Recommended Practices (SARPs) in Annex
10 of the Chicago Aviation Convention. Many
countries (particularly in South America and
Africa) normally transpose these SARPs into
national legislation without major
modifications, leading to a direct positive
impact on receiver sales. International bodies
like ICAO (International Civil Aviation
Organisation) and IMO (International
Maritime Organisation) are elaborating future
policies based on the use of satellite
navigation. [1]
References
[1] Galileo Joint Undertaking
"Business in satellite navigation - An overview of market developments and emerging applications".
